A simple solution to color confinement

We show that color confinement is a direct result of the nonabelian, i.e. nonlinear, nature of the color interaction in quantum chromodynamics. This makes it in general impossible to describe the color field as a collection of elementary quanta (gluons). A quark cannot be an elementary quanta of the quark field, as the color field of which it is the source is itself a source hence making isolated (noninteracting) quarks impossible. In geometrical language, the impossibility of quarks and gluons as physical particles arises due to the fact that the color Yang-Mills space does not have a constant trivial curvature. One major problem in contemporary particle physics is to explain why quarks and gluons are never seen as isolated particles. A lot of effort has gone into trying to resolve this puzzle over a period of years, including lattice QCD, dual Meissner effect, instantons, etc. For a review, see [1]. We will take a different route than normally used, to eliminate the problem before it arises. Usually, most particle physicists use “fields” and “particles” interchangeably, i.e. as denoting the same things. That is because the almost universal use of Feynman diagrams gives the false impression that particles (quanta) ∗Part of this work was done while visiting the Theory Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. The visit was supported by the Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi, née Bildt.